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A birthstone is a gift of a precious material (jewelry, mainly gemstones; themselves traditionally associated with various qualities) that symbolizes the month of birth in the Gregorian Calendar.
There have been many different sets of birthstones used throughout history and in different cultures but these are the most widely accepted.

|
Month
|
Modern Birthstone
|
Alternate
|
Traditional Birthstone
|
| January |
Garnet |
Rose Quartz |
Garnet |
| February |
Amethyst |
Onyx |
Amethyst |
| March |
Aquamarine |
Red Jasper (Bloodstone) |
Bloodstone, Jasper |
| April |
Diamond |
Rock Crystal Quartz |
Diamond Sapphire |
| May |
Emerald |
Chrysoprase |
Emerald, Agate |
| June |
Pearl, Moonstone |
Alexandrite |
Alexandrite,Emerald |
| July |
Ruby |
Jade or Carnelian |
Ruby, Onyx |
| August |
Peridot |
Aventurine, Sardonyx, Sapphire |
Sardonyx, Carnelian |
| September |
Sapphire |
Lapis lazuli |
Sapphire, Peridot |
| October |
Opal |
Pink Tourmaline |
Tourmaline, Aquamarine |
| November |
Yellow Topaz |
Citrine or Turquoise |
Citrine, Topaz |
| December |
Turquoise, Blue Topaz |
Lapis Lazuli or Tanzanite |
Zircon, Ruby |
Tanzanite was added to December by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002.
The birthstone seems to originate from Biblical times. The Breastplate of Aaron, referred to in Exodus 39:10-14. The precise list of birthstones however can be found in Revelation 21:19-20 where the foundation stones of the new Jerusalem are listed, in the order of the Roman calendar. |